[Why] [남정욱 교수 명랑笑說] 獨·佛 신생아 25%가 무슬림 자녀… 십자군 전쟁은 아직 끝나지 않았다
입력 : 2015.01.31 03:00 | 수정 : 2015.02.01 10:55
종교를 확산시키는 방법은 두 가지다. 하나는 포교, 하나는 번식. 어느 쪽이 유리할까. 이슬람권 여성은 다산모(多産母)로 아이를 평균 여섯 낳는다. 반면 유럽 여성은 둘 미만이다. 한쪽은 '단순 재생산'조차 유지하지 못하는데 한쪽은 세 배씩 늘어난다. 비혼(非婚)인 채로 아이를 낳는 경우도 있지만, 대부분의 출산은 결혼이라는 형식을 통해 이루어진다.
어떤 종교는 다른 종교를 믿는 사람과 결혼을 금지한다. 무슬림 여성은 반드시 무슬림 남성과 결혼해야 한다. 그런데 무슬림 남성은 다르다. 제한이 없다. 무슬림 남성은 유럽에서 기독교인 여성과 얼마든지 결혼할 수 있다. 그리고 이슬람에서 자녀는 무조건 아버지의 종교를 따르게 되어 있다. 프랑스와 독일에서 태어나는 아이 25%는 무슬림 자녀이다. 산술적으로 따지면 20~30년 후 유럽은 자연스럽게 이슬람 세계가 된다. 포교로는 번식을 못 이긴다.
십자군 전쟁은 끝나지 않았다. 비록 예루살렘은 빼앗겼지만 이슬람은 저강도로 영토 확장 작전을 진행 중이다. 영국 교회는 대부분 교단에서 목사 월급을 부담하며 교회 유지가 어려울 때는 교회 건물을 매물로 내놓는다. 매주 4개꼴로 교회가 문을 닫는데 이 교회들을 매입하는 것이 이슬람이다. 교회를 정복했다는 상징적 의미 때문이다. 영국에선 지난 30년 동안 5000여 교회가 문을 닫았다.
이슬람의 확산은 단순히 종교 문제일까. 2004년 카이로에서 열린 중국·이슬람 포럼에서 후진타오 주석은 이슬람 문명을 한껏 추어올렸다. 두 세계는 가장 위대한 인류 문명이며 중화 문명과 이슬람 문명의 협력을 통해 서구식 가치를 배제하고 세계를 이끌어 가자는 노골적 선언이었다. 그런 측면에서 새뮤얼 헌팅턴이 '앞으로 세계는 국가와 국가의 충돌이 아니라 문명과 문명의 충돌이 될 것'이라고 말한 것은 탁월한 지적이었다. 그러나 그렇게 심각하게만 볼 문제는 아니다. 개인적으로는 '종교 간 대화 없이 종교 간 평화 없고 종교 간 평화 없이 세계 평화 없다'는 쉬운 말로 해법을 제시한 신학자 한스 큉의 말을 더 신뢰하는 편이다. 종교를 가진 사람끼리 서로 잘해주면 된다는, 별거 아닐 수 있다는 얘기다. 영화 '킹덤 오브 헤븐'에서 십자군 기사 발리안은 살라흣딘에게 묻는다. "예루살렘은 무엇인가?" 살라흣딘은 대답한다. "전부이거나 아무것도 아니거나." 우문에 현답이다. 아무것도 아니어야 하는 문제를 전부로 몰고 가는 사람들이 있어 문제다.
2008년 12월 이스라엘 대사관 앞에 '살인마 이스라엘은 물러가라!'는 피켓이 등장했다. 며칠 전 이스라엘이 가자 지구에 폭격을 가해 팔레스타인 주민 800여 명이 죽거나 거의 죽은 것에 항의하는 시위였다. 피켓을 든 민주노동당 서울시당 위원장은 "중동 문제는 중동만의 문제가 아니며 한국의 진보 진영도 이스라엘의 학살을 반대한다"는 논지의 발언을 했다. 반미 애북 좌파(종북이라는 단어 금지로 궁여지책으로 발굴한 단어가 애북〈愛北〉) 시각으로는 가자 지구 폭격이 이스라엘과 팔레스타인 간의 갈등이 아니라 반미 문제였던 것이다. 이념을 이유로, 자원을 이유로, 종교를 이유로 그렇게 피 터지게 싸우면서도 아직 안 망하고 있는 인류가 참으로 기특하다.
It’s a question that nearly every nonbeliever faces at some point in his or her life: “But what if God exists, what would you say to Him?”
Stephen Fry, a well-known British comedian, actor, and writer – who just so happens to be an outspoken skeptic – faced the question with an interview on Ireland’s RTE television station.
The interviewer, Gay Byrne, begins, as they inevitably do, by asking Fry to humor him and suppose that God really does exist.
“Suppose it’s all true, and you walk up to the Pearly Gates and you are confronted by God. What will Stephen Fry say to him or it?”
At first Fry laughs and remarks that the question is the “oddest thing.” After collecting his thoughts, he gives an answer that leaves the interviewer speechless.
“I’ll say ‘Bone cancer in children? What’s that about? How dare you? How dare you create a world in which there is such misery that is not our fault? It’s not right. It’s utterly, utterly evil.
Why should I respect a capricious mean-minded stupid god who creates a world which is so full of injustice and pain?’ That’s what I’d say.”
The interviewer stares silently at the ground for a moment, before retorting “And you think you’re going to get in?”
Fry has an answer for that as well.
“No. But I wouldn’t want to. I wouldn’t want to get in on his terms. They’re wrong. ”
Later, Fry concedes that if he died and was greeted not with the Christian God, but perhaps the Greek gods, he would struggle a bit more. In Greek mythology, gods were flawed like humans are and therefore it would make a bit more sense (albeit not with much more comfort) to learn that the masters of the Universe were simply petty, self-serving and flawed. The Christian God, in contrast, is meant to be totally without fault and infinitely good. It makes his (or her or its) apparent indifference to human misery that much more baffling.
“The god who created this Universe, if it was created by God, is quite clearly a maniac, an utter maniac.”
I’ve never seen an interviewer more uncomfortable. Nearing the end of the segment and Byrne has all but removed himself from the conversation. He leans back in his chair despondently, while Fry documents various atrocities a supposedly loving God has willed onto people – including children.
Watch the illuminating segment below courtesy RTE:
Author: Jameson ParkerI cover US politics, social justice issues, and other current events which aren't getting the attention they deserve. Feel free to follow or drop me a line on twitter.
The purpose of this Instructable is to set up your computer to dual-boot Windows 7 and Ubuntu Linux. Dual-booting is a technique which allows a single physical computer to run two or more operating systems (OSes). This is useful for experimenting with new OSes without putting all your eggs in one basket.
Step 1: Getting Prepared
Prerequisites: 1. A PC running Windows 7, with at least 30 GB of free hard-drive space. 2. A CD/DVD burner and blank CD/ DVD or a USB drive with a capacity of 1GB or more 3. An external Harddrive big enough to backup your Windows installation 4. Administrative access to the PC 5. Internet Connectivity
Most PCs sold in the last three years should meet the criteria for number 1. To confirm what version of Windows you are running, go to My Computer and click on “System properties.” The listed version should be Windows 7.
From that same screen, you should see how much free space you have left, which is underneath the blue bar for each disk. In the example image, there is "8.49 GB free of 55.7GB".
NOTE:The 8.49GB shown in the example is not enough space for most people. While you can install Ubuntu to a partition this size, you will typically want more space store documents and applications. 20GB is probably the minimum size you would want.
Step 2: Select a Linux Distro
Linux comes in many flavors. Some distributions are aimed at full configurability for advanced users (Arch Linux, Gentoo), others at fulfulling simple hardware requirements (Puppy Linux, DSL), while others aim at being as easy to use and accessible as posible (Mint, Ubuntu). These different flavors, or distributions, are commonly called “distros” by the Linux community. There are hundreds if not thousands of distros available, if you're curious go to http://distrowatch.com/ and compare. However, int this instructions set, we will use Ubuntu Linux. Ubuntu is one of the most widely used Linux distros and has a very helpful community and good user interface for new users.
Step 3: Prepare Installation Media
Go to the ubuntu website, http://www.ubuntu.com/ and select download. As of this writing, the current version of Ubuntu is 12.04. Depending on your internet connection, the ISO download may take a while. The 32-bit version should be sufficient unless you are running specific applications that require a 64-bit variant of the OS.
ISO files are disk images which have been stored for easy distribution and replication.
After the ISO has downloaded, navigate to the folder it was downloaded to. Right-click and choose “Burn disk image.” This will launch a tool to burn the image to a CD or DVD. Once the disk is burned, remove it from the disk drive and label it for your future reference.
Alternatively, if you want to use a USB drive, you'll need the program "UNetbootin" which is available here: http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/
WARNING: Be sure to backup your USB data before running UNetbootin, as it will reformat the drive and destroy any data previously on the USB drive.
Step 4: Backup Windows
This is perhaps the most important step. If anything goes wrong with the next few steps, this will allow you to restore your computer to its current state. You will need an external hard drive or enough disk media to hold your files. If you have already backed up your system, you can either update your backup or proceed to the next step.
If you have never backed up your computer, now is the perfect time to start.You can find a decent external hard drive for around $60. Tryhttp://www.newegg.com or http://www.tigerdirect.com, or your local compouter store. Alternatively, you can use an online subscription-based backup service such as Mozy.com or Carbionite.com to aviod purchasing and setting up hardware.
To use the Windows backup, open the start menu, type “backup” and select “backup and restore.” This opens the backup and restore center. Choose “set up backup” and follow the wizard to create your first windows backup.
Step 5: Partition the Hard Drive
The safest and simplest way to partition your drive is to use the Windows 7 “Disk Management” program, to shrink your existing windows partition. To access this program, click the Windows icon in the bottom left and in the text box which says “Search programs and files”, type in “Disk Management” (without quotes) in this box, and press enter.
In the new window that pops up, you’ll be able to see all of your partitions. In windows, these are typically labeled with letters, such as “C:” or “D:”. Check your partitions - there are two common setups. Either you will have one very large drive (“C:”) or you will have a smaller drive for your operating system (“C:”) plus a larger one for data or programs (“C:”).
On your larger partition, ensure that at least 30GB of free space available. Next, right click on this drive and select “Shrink Volume.” It will take a little while for windows to analyze available free space, so be patient. Next, it asks how many MB you would like to shrink your volume. For a typical Linux OS install 30GB should be plenty if you’re not planning on using it to store large files such as movies. So, to shrink by 30GB, convert this to MB (multiply 30 x 1000) and enter this value (30000) into the appropriate field. Next, click “Shrink”.
You should now see a black bar which says "Unallocated" underneath (see picture 2). If you see this, you are ready to go, and can close the Disk Management window.
Step 6: Boot from Removable Media
Note, this step will vary slightly depending you your computer’s make and model.
If your computer’s documentation makes reference to an option to change the boot order, use that method to set the computer to boot from the disk drive or USB drive, depending on what media you used in step three. Reboot and boot into the Linux media, and proceed to step seven.
If you cannot find such a reference, you will need to alter the boot order via BIOS. BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System. It is a low-level environment the computer goes to before it loads the operating system. From here, many variables relating to the system’s hardware can be modified, so it is important not to make accidental changes as they may have dramatic effects on the computer as a whole.
Reboot the computer. As it powers up, watch for a screen which says “Settings” or something similar. You will need to press one of the function keys, usually F5 or F12. This will get you into the system’s BIOS and allow you to change the boot priorities.If you miss BIOS, the system will continue booting as usual. If you end up in Windows, shut down and try this step again.
Using the keyboard, navigate in BIOS to “boot options” and select the primary boot device to be the CD drive or USB media, depending on what you burned the ISO to in the previous step.
Save your changes, insert the media into the drive, and reboot.
Step 7: Install OS
Next, select "Try Ubuntu without Installing".
From here you can explore and get used to Ubuntu, as well as confirm that your network connections are working. If for some reason they do not work (you cannot access the internet), please consult official Ubuntu documentation, as these settings may vary based on your system.
Otherwise, If you're ready to proceed, simply double-click the "Install Ubuntu" icon on the desktop to enter the install wizard. Choose your installation language, then on the next screen check the box that says "Install this third-party software". This software is necessary to use MP3s.
From that point, follow the defaults in the install wizard. Be sure that when it asks you where you want to install Ubuntu, you select the option to install side-by-side with your other OS, using the free space available. Continue installing until you receive a message that your installation is complete. It may take a while to get to this point so please be patient. When it's down, shutdown your computer and remove the installation media. When you boot back up, you should have a choice between Ubuntu Linux or Windows!
Step 8: Change Boot Device (again)
If you changed the device boot order in the step six, you will need to repeat that process here. Set your BIOS boot order such that once again the hard drive is the primary boot device.
Note that if you skip this step, your system will try to load an operating system from removable media before looking for Windows. If there is not a disk in the drive, it should proceed to boot into Windows.
Step 9: Reboot and Configure
Upon bootup, you will now see a choice between Windows and Ubuntu Linux. Go ahead and select Linux, and get yourself familiarized with this great OS. There is a ton of documentation available to help you get used to the difference between Windows and Linux.
Between its graphical user interface (GUI), command-line interface (CLI), hundreds of free open source applications, and a hugely active and supportive community, Linux has a lot to offer a would-be Windows convert.
Step 10: Perfecting your Ubuntu Install (Optional)
Lastly, if you decide to make Linux your primary operating system for daily use, you can set your system to boot into Ubuntu rather than Windows by default. Alternatively, to stay with the familiar Windows OS, the community offers a how-to for that as well. For any error or topic not covered in this guide, an answer can most likely be found in the forums.
Congratulations, you now have a PC dualbooting Windows 7 and Ubuntu Linux.
I think it is important to mention that you must install older OS first and then install a more recent one, which nowadays is mostly installing Windows 7 first and THEN Linux, I'm not sure with Windows 8.1, I don't own it thus I can't speak for it. If you install Linux last you get the option of which OS you want to run, otherwise you will default your machine to Linux or even worse - won't be able to boot at all.
i followed the instructions but now i am left only with ubuntu, step 9 is not taking place(i.e. i am not having any option, automatically ubuntu starts) please help...
i followed the instructions but now i am left only with ubuntu, step 9 is not taking place(i.e. i am not having any option, automatically ubuntu starts) please help...
This is fine as far as it goes, but if you have a reasonably large machine you should look into running ubuntu under windows in a virtual machine. This lets you run both at the same time. One way is to search instructables for "virtual box". This is an easy process.
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